Neural Control and Coordination – Central Neural System: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Neural Control and Coordination – Central Neural System for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: Central Neural System, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse

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Question 1

Previous-year question
Select the answer with the correct matching of structure, location and function. (a) Eustachian tube — anterior part of internal ear — equalizes air pressure across the tympanic membrane; (b) Cerebellum — mid-brain — controls respiration and gastric secretions; (c) Hypothalamus — fore-brain — controls body temperature and the urge for eating and drinking; (d) Blind spot — near where the optic nerve leaves the eye — rods and cones present but inactive. [AIPMT Mains 2010]
  1. (a)
  2. (b)
  3. (c)
  4. (d)
Show answer
Answer: (C) (c)
Explanation: The hypothalamus lies in the forebrain and controls body temperature and the urge for eating and drinking, so this match is fully correct. The Eustachian tube belongs to the middle ear, not the internal ear. The cerebellum is part of the hindbrain, and it does not control respiration or gastric secretions. The blind spot has no rods or cones.

Question 2

Previous-year question
Match List-I with List-II. [NEET 2024]
List-I:
A. Limbic system
B. Arachnoid
C. Corpus callosum
D. Hypothalamus
List-II:
I. Body temperature
II. Tract of nerve fibres
III. Amygdala
IV. Cranial meninge
  1. A–I, B–II, C–IV, D–III
  2. A–II, B–I, C–III, D–IV
  3. A–IV, B–II, C–III, D–I
  4. A–III, B–IV, C–II, D–I
Show answer
Answer: (D) A–III, B–IV, C–II, D–I
Explanation: The amygdala is a component of the limbic system (A-III), the arachnoid is the thin middle cranial meninge (B-IV), the corpus callosum is a tract of nerve fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres (C-II), and the hypothalamus contains the centres regulating body temperature (D-I).

Question 3

Previous-year question
The brain stem of humans is made up of which of the following? [NEET 2023 (Manipur)]
  1. Mid-brain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata
  2. Forebrain, Cerebellum and Pons
  3. Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Corpora quadrigemina
  4. Amygdala, Hippocampus and Corpus Callosum
Show answer
Answer: (A) Mid-brain, Pons and Medulla Oblongata
Explanation: The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata together form the brain stem, which connects the brain to the spinal cord. The forebrain and cerebellum are not parts of the brain stem; the thalamus and hypothalamus belong to the forebrain, and the amygdala and hippocampus are parts of the limbic system.

Question 4

Previous-year question
Identify the brain structure or region that is NOT correctly matched with its function. [NEET 2018]
  1. Medulla oblongata : controls respiration and cardiovascular reflexes
  2. Limbic system : consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement
  3. Hypothalamus : production of releasing hormones and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst
  4. Corpus callosum : band of fibres connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres
Show answer
Answer: (B) Limbic system : consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of brain; controls movement
Explanation: The limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, etc.) together with the hypothalamus regulates sexual behaviour and emotional reactions such as excitement, pleasure, rage and fear; it does not control movement. Fibre tracts interconnecting brain regions describe the pons, and coordination of movement is a function of the cerebellum. The other three pairs are correct.

Question 5

Previous-year question
The third ventricle of the brain is also known as the [AIPMT 1990]
  1. metacoel
  2. rhinocoel
  3. paracoel
  4. diacoel
Show answer
Answer: (D) diacoel
Explanation: Inside the diencephalon there is a narrow cavity called the 3rd ventricle of the brain, or diacoel. It is connected anteriorly with the lateral ventricles (also called paracoels) of the cerebral hemispheres by a common aperture called the foramen of Monro, and posteriorly with the 4th ventricle of the medulla oblongata through a narrow longitudinal canal called the aqueduct of Sylvius.

Question 6

Previous-year question
The CNS is mostly made up of [AIPMT 1993]
  1. motor neurons and sensory neurons
  2. sensory neurons and association neurons
  3. association neurons
  4. motor neurons and association neurons
Show answer
Answer: (C) association neurons
Explanation: The central nervous system is mostly made up of association neurons. The CNS, consisting of the spinal cord and the brain, is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly, and association neurons act as the middle men between afferent and efferent neurons, forming key nodes within the neural circuit.

Question 7

Previous-year question
The respiratory centre is situated in the [AIPMT 1999, 1994]
  1. cerebellum
  2. medulla oblongata
  3. hypothalamus
  4. cerebrum
Show answer
Answer: (B) medulla oblongata
Explanation: The respiratory rhythm centre is located in the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain; a pneumotaxic centre in the pons moderates it. Chemosensitive areas near the rhythm centre respond to CO₂ and H⁺ changes and adjust breathing.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
Which part of the human brain is concerned with the regulation of body temperature? [AIPMT 2009]
  1. Medulla oblongata
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Cerebrum
  4. Hypothalamus
Show answer
Answer: (D) Hypothalamus
Explanation: In the human brain the hypothalamus is the centre for hunger, thirst, sweating, sleep, fatigue, temperature, anger, pleasure, love, hate and satisfaction. (The medulla oblongata is the centre for heartbeat, respiration, digestion, blood pressure and involuntary functions; the cerebellum regulates posture and balance; and the cerebrum is the centre for intelligence, emotion, memory and imagination.)

Question 9

Previous-year question
The nerve centres which control the body temperature and the urge for eating are contained in the [AIPMT 2010]
  1. hypothalamus
  2. pons
  3. cerebrum
  4. thalamus
Show answer
Answer: (A) hypothalamus
Explanation: The hypothalamus is the part of the sides and floor of the brain derived from the forebrain. It lies at the base of the thalamus and contains a number of centres which control body temperature and the urge for eating and drinking; it also contains several groups of neurosecretory cells which secrete hypothalamic hormones.

Question 10

Previous-year question
The human hindbrain comprises three parts, one of which is the [AIPMT 2012]
  1. spinal cord
  2. corpus callosum
  3. cerebellum
  4. hypothalamus
Show answer
Answer: (C) cerebellum
Explanation: The hindbrain generally has its anterior roof enlarged to form a pair of cerebellar hemispheres, while its floor is thickened to form the pons anteriorly and the medulla oblongata posteriorly. The cerebellum is therefore one of its three parts.

Question 11

Previous-year question
An injury localised to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt [AIPMT 2014]
  1. short term memory
  2. co-ordination during locomotion
  3. executive function, such as decision making
  4. regulation of body temperature
Show answer
Answer: (D) regulation of body temperature
Explanation: The hypothalamus serves as a link between 'mind' and 'body' and between the nervous and endocrine systems, and is responsible for hormone production. The hormones produced govern body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian rhythm, mood and sex drive, and it also controls the functioning of the pituitary gland. Any injury localised to it will therefore disrupt the regulation of body temperature.

Question 12

Previous-year question
Which of the following regions of the brain is incorrectly paired with its function? [AIPMT 2015]
  1. Corpus callosum — communication between the left and right cerebral cortices
  2. Cerebrum — calculation and contemplation
  3. Medulla oblongata — homeostatic control
  4. Cerebellum — language comprehension
Show answer
Answer: (D) Cerebellum — language comprehension
Explanation: Language comprehension is a function of the cerebrum, not the cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates and controls rapid muscular activities such as running and typing, although it does not initiate such voluntary movements; it is an important centre for coordinating movements and for controlling posture and balance.

Question 13

Previous-year question
Which of the following structures or regions is incorrectly paired with its function? [AIPMT 2018, Cancelled]
  1. Medulla oblongata — Controls respiration and cardiovascular reflexes
  2. Limbic system — Consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain, controls movement
  3. Hypothalamus — Production of releasing hormones and regulation of temperature, hunger and thirst
  4. Corpus callosum — Band of fibres connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres
Show answer
Answer: (B) Limbic system — Consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain, controls movement
Explanation: The limbic system is not a set of interconnecting fibre tracts; it is constituted by certain components of the cerebrum together with the diencephalon. It is sometimes called the emotional brain because it controls emotional behaviour — joy, sorrow, fear, fight, friendship, liking and disliking — as well as food habits and sexual behaviour.

Question 14

Previous-year question
Which part of the brain is responsible for thermoregulation? [NEET (National) 2019]
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Corpus callosum
  3. Medulla oblongata
  4. Cerebrum
Show answer
Answer: (A) Hypothalamus
Explanation: The hypothalamus is the thermoregulatory centre in the brain and maintains the constant body temperature of 37 °C. It contains a number of centres which control body temperature.

Question 15

Previous-year question
The parts of the human brain that help in regulation of sexual behaviour, expression of excitement, pleasure, rage, fear, etc. are [NEET 2023]
  1. corpora quadrigemina and hippocampus
  2. brain stem and epithalamus
  3. corpus callosum and thalamus
  4. limbic system and hypothalamus
Show answer
Answer: (D) limbic system and hypothalamus
Explanation: The limbic system and hypothalamus together regulate sexual behaviour and the expression of excitement, pleasure, rage and fear. The limbic system is a complex network of brain structures involved in the processing and regulation of emotions, motivation and memory, while the hypothalamus regulates temperature control, hunger, thirst and the release of hormones.

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