Endocrine System – Chemical Coordination and Integration: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Endocrine System – Chemical Coordination and Integration for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: Chemical Coordination and Integration: Human Endocrine System: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads

Practise all 818 Endocrine System – Chemical Coordination and Integration questions free Take a free timed test

Question 1

Previous-year question
Select the correct matching of a hormone, its source and function. (a) Vasopressin – posterior pituitary – increases loss of water through urine; (b) Norepinephrine – adrenal medulla – increases heartbeat, rate of respiration and alertness; (c) Glucagon – beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans – stimulates glycogenolysis; (d) Prolactin – posterior pituitary – regulates growth of mammary glands and milk formation. [AIPMT Mains 2010]
  1. (a)
  2. (b)
  3. (c)
  4. (d)
Show answer
Answer: (B) (b)
Explanation: Norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla increases heartbeat, rate of respiration and alertness, so this match is correct. Vasopressin reduces water loss through urine, glucagon comes from the alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans, and prolactin comes from the anterior pituitary.

Question 2

Previous-year question
Consider the following statements about the functions of the hormones of the adrenal medulla and choose the correct answer from the options given below. [NEET 2025]
A. They cause pupillary constriction.
B. They are hyperglycemic hormones.
C. They cause piloerection.
D. They increase the strength of heart contraction.
  1. C and D Only
  2. B, C and D Only
  3. A, C and D Only
  4. D Only
Show answer
Answer: (B) B, C and D Only
Explanation: Adrenaline and noradrenaline (catecholamines) cause pupillary dilation (not constriction), piloerection, sweating, increased heart beat and strength of heart contraction, and stimulate glycogenolysis, raising blood glucose (hyperglycaemic). Hence B, C and D are correct while A is wrong.

Question 3

Previous-year question
Consider the two statements given below and choose the correct answer from the options given below. [NEET (Manipur) 2023]
Statement I: Parathyroid hormone acts on bones and stimulates the process of bone resorption.
Statement II: Parathyroid hormone along with thyrocalcitonin plays a significant role in carbohydrate metabolism.
  1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
  2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true
  3. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
  4. Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
Show answer
Answer: (A) Statement I is correct but Statement II is false
Explanation: PTH acts on bones and stimulates bone resorption (demineralisation), so Statement I is correct. PTH along with thyrocalcitonin plays a significant role in calcium balance, not carbohydrate metabolism, so Statement II is false.

Question 4

Previous-year question
Which of the following statements about hormones and their functions are correct? Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below. [NEET (Manipur) 2023]
(A) Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) regulates the blood calcium level.
(B) In males, FSH and androgens regulate spermatogenesis.
(C) Hyperthyroidism can lead to goitre.
(D) Glucocorticoids are secreted in adrenal medulla.
(E) Parathyroid hormone is regulated by circulating levels of sodium ions.
  1. (C) and (E) only
  2. (A) and (B) only
  3. (B) and (C) only
  4. (A) and (D) only
Show answer
Answer: (B) (A) and (B) only
Explanation: Thyrocalcitonin regulates blood calcium level (A correct), and in males FSH along with androgens regulates spermatogenesis (B correct). Common goitre results from hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency, and although exophthalmic goitre is a form of hyperthyroidism, (C) does not hold as a general statement. Glucocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex, not the medulla, and PTH secretion is regulated by circulating Ca²⁺, not sodium, ions, so C, D and E are not accepted.

Question 5

Previous-year question
Which of the following processes are NOT controlled by thyroid hormones? Choose the correct answer from the options given below. [NEET 2023]
A. Maintenance of water and electrolyte balance
B. Regulation of basal metabolic rate
C. Normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle
D. Development of immune system
E. Support the process of R.B.Cs formation
  1. B and C only
  2. C and D only
  3. D and E only
  4. A and D only
Show answer
Answer: (B) C and D only
Explanation: Thyroid hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate, support RBC formation and help maintain water and electrolyte balance. The normal sleep–wake rhythm is regulated by melatonin from the pineal gland, and development of the immune system is supported by thymosins from the thymus, so C and D are not under thyroid control.

Question 6

Previous-year question
The normal sleep–wake cycle of the human body is maintained by the secretion of the: [NEET (Overseas) 2022]
  1. Thymus gland
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Pituitary gland
  4. Thyroid gland
Show answer
Answer: (B) Pineal gland
Explanation: The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which plays a very important role in regulating the 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of the body, such as the normal sleep–wake cycle and body temperature. The thymus, pituitary and thyroid do not directly regulate this cycle.

Question 7

Previous-year question
Choose the correct statement. [NEET 2020]
  1. Insulin is associated with hyperglycemia
  2. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis
  3. Glucagon is associated with hypoglycemia.
  4. Insulin acts on pancreatic cells and adipocytes.
Show answer
Answer: (B) Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis
Explanation: Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and proteolysis. Insulin is a hypoglycaemic hormone acting mainly on hepatocytes and adipocytes, not on pancreatic cells, and glucagon is a hyperglycaemic hormone, not a hypoglycaemic one.
Doing well? Create a free account to take timed tests on this topic and see your weak areas.

Question 8

Previous-year question
MSH of the pars intermedia of the middle pituitary is responsible for [AIPMT 1988]
  1. darkening of skin in lower vertebrates
  2. light colouration of skin in lower vertebrates
  3. both darkening and light colouration of skin in lower vertebrates
  4. darkening of skin in human beings
Show answer
Answer: (A) darkening of skin in lower vertebrates
Explanation: MSH controls the synthesis and dispersal of melanin granules in the chromatophores in the skin of fishes, amphibians and some reptiles (poikilothermal animals), so it causes darkening of the skin in these lower vertebrates. It is non-functional in man.

Question 9

Previous-year question
Which hormone possesses an anti-insulin effect? [AIPMT 1988]
  1. Cortisol
  2. Calcitonin
  3. Oxytocin
  4. Aldosterone
Show answer
Answer: (A) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. It is primarily meant for carbohydrate metabolism: it increases the rate of gluconeogenesis (the conversion of proteins in the liver into sugars) and decreases the peripheral utilisation of glucose, and thus possesses an anti-insulin effect.

Question 10

Previous-year question
The addition of a trace of thyroxine or iodine in water containing tadpoles will [AIPMT 1990]
  1. keep them in larval stage
  2. hasten their metamorphosis
  3. slow down their metamorphosis
  4. kill the tadpoles
Show answer
Answer: (B) hasten their metamorphosis
Explanation: Thyroxine controls tissue differentiation and the metamorphosis of the tadpole larva into the frog. Gundernatch (1912) proved that the metamorphosis of tadpole into adult frog is controlled by thyroxine, and that its addition to the water will hasten the metamorphosis.

Question 11

Previous-year question
Insulin is a [AIPMT 1990]
  1. vitamin
  2. lipid
  3. hormone
  4. enzyme
Show answer
Answer: (C) hormone
Explanation: Insulin is the earliest known hormone. It is also called the hypoglycemic or antidiabetic factor, since it decreases the glucose level in the blood and prevents the occurrence of diabetes. It is secreted by the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Question 12

Previous-year question
ADH or vasopressin is [AIPMT 1991]
  1. an enzyme that hydrolyses peptides
  2. a hormone secreted by the pituitary that promotes reabsorption of water from the glomerular filtrate
  3. a hormone that promotes glycogenolysis
  4. an energy rich compound connected with muscle contraction
Show answer
Answer: (B) a hormone secreted by the pituitary that promotes reabsorption of water from the glomerular filtrate
Explanation: ADH or vasopressin is synthesised in the hypothalamus and stored and released by the neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It controls the permeability of the wall of the collecting tubules and DCT of the renal tubules to water, and so stimulates water reabsorption and controls osmoregulation.

Question 13

Previous-year question
According to the accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, then the target organ will [AIPMT 1995]
  1. not respond to the hormone
  2. continue to respond to the hormone without any difference
  3. continue to respond to the hormone, but in the opposite way
  4. continue to respond to the hormone, but will require a higher concentration
Show answer
Answer: (A) not respond to the hormone
Explanation: Hormones are released into the general blood circulation, but each hormone stimulates only a specific target organ to initiate a specific response. This is because of the presence of a specific receptor protein only in the specific target cell; if these receptor molecules are removed from the target organ, the organ will not respond to the hormone.

Question 14

Previous-year question
Which of the following endocrine glands stores its secretion in the extracellular space before discharging it into the blood? [AIPMT 1995]
  1. Pancreas
  2. Adrenal
  3. Testis
  4. Thyroid
Show answer
Answer: (D) Thyroid
Explanation: The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. Thyroxine hormones are stored in the lumen of the follicle, that is, in the extracellular space, before being discharged into the blood.

Question 15

Previous-year question
Which one of the following hormones stimulates the 'let down' (release) of milk from the mother's breasts when the baby is sucking? [AIPMT 1995]
  1. Progesterone
  2. Oxytocin
  3. Prolactin
  4. Relaxin
Show answer
Answer: (B) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin induces contraction of the mammary gland muscles and helps in the flow of milk from the mammary glands to the mouth of the child. Because of this it is also called the 'milk ejection hormone'.

Want more Endocrine System – Chemical Coordination and Integration questions?

E-GYAN NIDHI has 818 questions on this topic and 63,000+ in total, all free: timed CBT tests, NEET marking and instant analysis.

Register free Free Sunday Mock Test

More topics in Human Physiology

↑