Body Fluids and Circulation – Disorders of Circulatory System: NEET MCQs with Answers

13 free questions on Body Fluids and Circulation – Disorders of Circulatory System for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: Disorders of Circulatory System: Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

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Question 1

Previous-year question
A shortage of oxygen reaching the heart muscle produces acute chest pain. What is this disorder of the circulatory system called? [NEET (Overseas) 2022]
  1. Cardiac arrest
  2. Heart failure
  3. Coronary heart disease
  4. Angina pectoris
Show answer
Answer: (D) Angina pectoris
Explanation: Angina pectoris is a symptom of acute chest pain that appears when not enough oxygen reaches the heart muscle. Cardiac arrest is stoppage of the heartbeat, heart failure is the heart not pumping blood effectively, and coronary artery disease is narrowing of the coronary arteries (which may cause angina).

Question 2

Previous-year question
Blood cancer is known as [AIPMT 1995]
  1. leukemia
  2. thrombosis
  3. haemolysis
  4. haemophilia
Show answer
Answer: (A) leukemia
Explanation: Blood cancer is known as leukemia, which is characterised by the uncontrolled division of leucocytes.

Question 3

Previous-year question
An adult human of average health has systolic and diastolic pressures of [AIPMT 1998]
  1. 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
  2. 50 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
  3. 80 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
  4. 70 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg
Show answer
Answer: (A) 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
Explanation: The temporary rise in blood pressure during contraction of the heart is called the systolic pressure and the temporary fall during relaxation is the diastolic pressure. For a healthy resting adult these average 120/80 mm Hg. The aorta, being directly supplied by the left ventricle, carries the highest pressure during systole.

Question 4

Previous-year question
Continuous bleeding from an injured part of the body is due to a deficiency of [AIPMT 2002]
  1. vitamin-A
  2. vitamin-B
  3. vitamin-K
  4. vitamin-E
Show answer
Answer: (C) vitamin-K
Explanation: Vitamin K is required for the clotting process because it is needed for the formation of prothrombin in the liver; its deficiency therefore causes severe bleeding disorders. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness, xerophthalmia and retarded growth; of vitamin B, beri-beri; and of vitamin E, sterility.

Question 5

Previous-year question
Given below are four statements (i–iv) regarding the human blood circulatory system. (i) Arteries are thick-walled and have a narrow lumen as compared to veins. (ii) Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain is reduced. (iii) Persons with blood group AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under the ABO system. (iv) Calcium ions play a very important role in blood clotting. Which two of the above statements are correct? [AIPMT 2010]
  1. (i) and (iv)
  2. (i) and (ii)
  3. (ii) and (iii)
  4. (iii) and (iv)
Show answer
Answer: (A) (i) and (iv)
Explanation: Statements (i) and (iv) are correct. Statement (ii) is wrong because angina is chest pain arising when enough oxygen fails to reach the heart muscle, not the brain. Statement (iii) is wrong because a person with AB blood group carries both A and B antigens and therefore cannot donate to anyone except another AB individual — although, having no antibodies, they can receive from any group, which makes AB the universal recipient.

Question 6

Previous-year question
Which one of the following statements is correct regarding blood pressure? [AIPMT 2011]
  1. 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment
  2. 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure
  3. 105/50 mm Hg makes one very active
  4. 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like the brain and kidney
Show answer
Answer: (D) 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like the brain and kidney
Explanation: A repeated reading of 140/90 mm Hg or higher indicates hypertension. A pressure as high as 190/110 mm Hg therefore leads to heart disease and can damage vital organs such as the brain and kidney. The ideal blood pressure for a healthy resting adult is about 120/80 mm Hg.

Question 7

Previous-year question
Examination of the blood of a person suspected of having anaemia shows large, immature, nucleated erythrocytes without haemoglobin. Supplementing the diet with which of the following is likely to relieve the symptoms? [2005]
  1. Iron compounds
  2. Folic acid and cobalamin
  3. Thiamine
  4. Riboflavin
Show answer
Answer: (B) Folic acid and cobalamin
Explanation: Large immature nucleated red cells indicate megaloblastic anaemia, in which DNA synthesis in the marrow is impaired so that the cells cannot divide and mature normally. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are both required for that synthesis, and supplying them corrects the defect. Iron deficiency produces small pale cells instead.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
Blood cancer is known as [1994]
  1. haemolysis
  2. leukaemia
  3. haemophilia
  4. thrombosis
Show answer
Answer: (B) leukaemia
Explanation: Leukaemia is a malignant proliferation of the white cells in the bone marrow, so that enormous numbers of immature and non-functional leucocytes enter the circulation while the production of red cells and platelets is crowded out. Haemolysis is the destruction of red cells and thrombosis the formation of a clot within a vessel.

Question 9

Previous-year question
Sickle cell anaemia is caused by [2002]
  1. a change of amino acid in both the alpha and beta chains of haemoglobin
  2. a change of amino acid in the alpha chain of haemoglobin
  3. a change of amino acid in either the alpha or the beta chain of haemoglobin
  4. a change of amino acid in the beta chain of haemoglobin
Show answer
Answer: (D) a change of amino acid in the beta chain of haemoglobin
Explanation: A single point mutation replaces the sixth codon of the beta globin gene, so that glutamic acid is substituted by valine at position six of the beta chain. The alpha chains are unaffected. Introducing a non-polar residue at this position allows the deoxygenated molecules to aggregate into fibres.

Question 10

Previous-year question
Sickle cell anaemia is characterised by [1989]
  1. mental retardation
  2. leukaemia
  3. haemolytic anaemia
  4. polycythaemia
Show answer
Answer: (C) haemolytic anaemia
Explanation: The abnormal haemoglobin polymerises at low oxygen tension and distorts the red cell into a rigid sickle shape. Such cells are fragile and are destroyed prematurely in the spleen, producing a haemolytic anaemia, and they also block small vessels and cause painful crises.

Question 11

Previous-year question
Haemophilia is [1989]
  1. a royal disease
  2. a condition of faulty blood clotting
  3. a mosquito possessing a haemocoel
  4. both a royal disease and a condition of faulty blood clotting
Show answer
Answer: (D) both a royal disease and a condition of faulty blood clotting
Explanation: Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder in which a clotting factor is deficient, so that even a minor injury leads to prolonged bleeding. It is called the royal disease because it was transmitted from Queen Victoria through several European royal houses, so both descriptions apply.

Question 12

Previous-year question
Which statement regarding blood pressure is correct? [2011]
  1. 105/50 mm Hg makes one very active
  2. 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment
  3. 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs such as the brain and kidney
  4. 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure
Show answer
Answer: (C) 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs such as the brain and kidney
Explanation: Sustained hypertension of this order strains the arterial walls and damages the delicate vessels of the brain, retina and kidney, and it may lead to stroke and renal failure. A reading of 130/90 is only slightly raised and is managed rather than urgently treated, and the low readings offered are not ideal.

Question 13

Previous-year question
An adult human in average health has systolic and diastolic pressures of [2000]
  1. 50 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
  2. 70 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg
  3. 80 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
  4. 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
Show answer
Answer: (D) 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg
Explanation: The normal reading is about 120 mm Hg during ventricular systole and 80 mm Hg during diastole, written as 120/80. The systolic figure is always the higher of the two, which at once eliminates the option giving 70 over 120.

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