Morphology of Flowering Plants – The Flower: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Morphology of Flowering Plants – The Flower for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: The Flower

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Question 1

Previous-year question
Which one of the given figures represents the placentation found in Dianthus? [AIPMT 2011]
Figure for question 1
  1. (a)
  2. (b)
  3. (c)
  4. (d)
Show answer
Answer: (B) (b)
Explanation: Figure (b) depicts free-central placentation, which occurs in Dianthus and primrose. Here the ovary is unilocular, the septa are absent and the ovules are borne on a central axis that arises from the base of the ovary. Figure (a) shows axile, (c) parietal and (d) marginal placentation.

Question 2

Previous-year question
Which of the following has zygomorphic flowers? [NEET 2025]
  1. Petunia
  2. Datura
  3. Pea
  4. Chilli
Show answer
Answer: (C) Pea
Explanation: Pea (Fabaceae) has zygomorphic flowers that can be divided into two similar halves only in one vertical plane. Petunia, Datura and chilli (Solanaceae) have actinomorphic flowers.

Question 3

Previous-year question
Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer. [Re-NEET 2024]
List-I:
A. Vexillary aestivation
B. Epipetalous stamens
C. Epiphyllous stamens
D. Perigynous flower
List-II:
I. Brinjal
II. Peach
III. Pea
IV. Lily
  1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
  3. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
  4. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
Show answer
Answer: (A) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Explanation: Vexillary aestivation is seen in pea, epipetalous stamens in brinjal, epiphyllous stamens in lily, and perigynous flowers in peach. Hence A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

Question 4

Previous-year question
Read the statements given below and select the set of correct statements. [NEET 2024 (Sawaimadhopur)]
A. In cymose inflorescence, the flowers are borne in an acropetal succession.
B. In gulmohar, the flowers are actinomorphic.
C. In the flowers of cucumber, the margin of the thalamus grows upward, enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it; the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary.
D. Bracts are reduced leaves found at the base of the pedicel.
E. The flowers are hypogynous in mustard.
  1. B, D, E only
  2. A, C, D only
  3. C, D, E only
  4. A, B, C only
Show answer
Answer: (C) C, D, E only
Explanation: In cucumber (epigynous flower) the thalamus margin grows up, encloses and fuses with the ovary, and other parts arise above it; bracts are reduced leaves at the base of the pedicel; and mustard flowers are hypogynous, so C, D and E are correct. Statement A is wrong because cymose inflorescence has flowers in basipetal order (acropetal is racemose), and B is wrong because gulmohar flowers are zygomorphic.

Question 5

Previous-year question
Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer. [NEET 2024 (Sawaimadhopur)]
List-I:
A. Polyadelphous
B. Syncarpous
C. Staminode
D. Epipetalous
List-II:
I. Filaments of stamens united into more than two bundles
II. Sterile stamen
III. Stamens attached to the petals
IV. Carpels are fused
  1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
  2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
  3. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
  4. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
Show answer
Answer: (D) A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
Explanation: Polyadelphous means filaments united into more than two bundles, syncarpous means carpels are fused, a staminode is a sterile stamen, and epipetalous means stamens attached to petals. Hence A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III.

Question 6

Previous-year question
Match List-I (types of aestivation) with List-II (examples) and choose the correct answer. [Re-NEET 2022]
List-I:
(a) Imbricate
(b) Valvate
(c) Vexillary
(d) Twisted
List-II:
(i) Calotropis
(ii) Cassia
(iii) Cotton
(iv) Bean
  1. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
  2. (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
  3. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
  4. (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
Show answer
Answer: (B) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
Explanation: Imbricate aestivation is seen in Cassia and gulmohar, valvate in Calotropis, vexillary in pea and bean, and twisted in China rose, lady's finger and cotton. Hence the correct match is (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii).

Question 7

Previous-year question
In which plant are the ovules borne on a central axis with no septa? [NEET 2022 (Overseas)]
  1. Pea
  2. China-rose
  3. Primrose
  4. Lemon
Show answer
Answer: (C) Primrose
Explanation: Ovules borne on a central axis without septa is free-central placentation, seen in Dianthus and Primrose. Pea shows marginal placentation, while China-rose and lemon show axile placentation.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
Which of the following statements about the androecium of a flower are correct? [NEET 2022 (Overseas)]
(a) Sterile stamens are called staminodes.
(b) Stamens attached to petals are called epipetalous.
(c) Monoadelphy is seen in China-rose.
(d) Polyadelphy is seen in pea.
(e) Variation in the length of filaments is seen in mustard.
  1. (a), (b), (c) and (e) only
  2. (a), (b) and (c) only
  3. (b), (c) and (d) only
  4. (a), (c), (d) and (e) only
Show answer
Answer: (A) (a), (b), (c) and (e) only
Explanation: A sterile stamen is a staminode, stamens attached to petals are epipetalous, China-rose shows monoadelphy, and in mustard the filaments vary in length (tetradynamous condition: 2 short + 4 long). Statement (d) is wrong because pea shows diadelphy, while polyadelphy is seen in Citrus.

Question 9

Previous-year question
In the mustard flower, the floral parts are positioned on the thalamus such that: [NEET 2020 (COVID-19)]
  1. Gynoecium occupies the highest position, while the other parts are situated below it.
  2. Margin of the thalamus grows upward, enclosing the ovary completely, and other parts arise below the ovary.
  3. Gynoecium is present in the centre and other parts cover it partially.
  4. Gynoecium is situated in the centre, and other parts of the flower are located at the rim of the thalamus, at the same level.
Show answer
Answer: (A) Gynoecium occupies the highest position, while the other parts are situated below it.
Explanation: The mustard flower is hypogynous: the gynoecium occupies the highest position on the thalamus and the other floral parts are inserted below it, so the ovary is superior. In epigyny the thalamus encloses the ovary but the other parts arise above it, not below it, and in perigyny the other parts lie on the rim of the thalamus at about the level of the gynoecium.

Question 10

Previous-year question
The ovary is half inferior in [NEET 2020]
  1. Mustard
  2. Sunflower
  3. Plum
  4. Brinjal
Show answer
Answer: (C) Plum
Explanation: Plum bears perigynous flowers in which the other floral parts arise from the rim of the thalamus at about the same level as the ovary, making the ovary half inferior. Mustard and brinjal are hypogynous and sunflower ray florets are epigynous.

Question 11

Previous-year question
Ray florets have [NEET 2020]
  1. Superior ovary
  2. Hypogynous ovary
  3. Half inferior ovary
  4. Inferior ovary
Show answer
Answer: (D) Inferior ovary
Explanation: The ray florets of the Compositae (sunflower, marigold) are epigynous — the thalamus grows up and encloses the ovary completely, so the ovary is inferior.

Question 12

Previous-year question
Placentation in which ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or in the peripheral part is [NEET 2019]
  1. Basal
  2. Axile
  3. Parietal
  4. Free central
Show answer
Answer: (C) Parietal
Explanation: In parietal placentation the ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on its peripheral part. The ovary is one-chambered but may become two-chambered by a false septum, as in mustard and Argemone.

Question 13

Previous-year question
The standard petal of a papilionaceous corolla is also called [NEET 2016]
  1. Carina
  2. Pappus
  3. Vexillum
  4. Corona
Show answer
Answer: (C) Vexillum
Explanation: In a papilionaceous corolla the largest posterior petal is the standard or vexillum; the two lateral petals are the wings (alae) and the two anterior fused petals form the keel (carina).

Question 14

Previous-year question
The proximal end of the filament of a stamen is attached to the [NEET 2016]
  1. Anther
  2. Connective
  3. Placenta
  4. Thalamus or petal
Show answer
Answer: (D) Thalamus or petal
Explanation: The distal end of the filament bears the anther, while its proximal end is attached to the thalamus, or to a petal in epipetalous flowers such as brinjal.

Question 15

Previous-year question
Tricarpellary syncarpous gynoecium is found in the flowers of [NEET 2016]
  1. Liliaceae
  2. Solanaceae
  3. Fabaceae
  4. Poaceae
Show answer
Answer: (A) Liliaceae
Explanation: In Liliaceae the gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous with a trilocular ovary and axile placentation. Solanaceae is bicarpellary syncarpous and Fabaceae is monocarpellary.

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