Anatomy of Flowering Plants – Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Anatomy of Flowering Plants – Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants

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Question 1

Previous-year question
The internal tissues seen in a transverse section of a monocot root are listed below. Arrange them in the correct order from the periphery towards the centre. [NEET 2024 (Sawaimadhopur)]
A. Endodermis
B. Pith
C. Epidermis
D. Pericycle
E. Cortex
  1. A, C, E, B, D
  2. C, E, A, D, B
  3. C, E, D, B, A
  4. D, C, E, A, B
Show answer
Answer: (B) C, E, A, D, B
Explanation: In a monocot root the sequence from outside to inside is epidermis → cortex → endodermis → pericycle → vascular tissue → large, well-developed pith. Hence the order is C, E, A, D, B.

Question 2

Previous-year question
Arrange the components A to D given below in the correct sequence from the outer side to the inner side of a young dicot stem. [Re-NEET 2021]
(A) Cortex
(B) Pericycle
(C) Epidermis
(D) Pith
  1. C, D, B, A
  2. A, B, C, D
  3. C, A, B, D
  4. C, B, A, D
Show answer
Answer: (C) C, A, B, D
Explanation: In a young dicot stem the sequence from outside inwards is epidermis → cortex (hypodermis, general cortex, endodermis) → pericycle → vascular bundles → pith. Hence the order is C (Epidermis), A (Cortex), B (Pericycle), D (Pith).

Question 3

Previous-year question
A transverse section of a plant shows the following anatomical features: (i) a large number of scattered vascular bundles surrounded by a bundle sheath, (ii) abundant conspicuous parenchymatous ground tissue, (iii) conjoint and closed vascular bundles, (iv) phloem parenchyma absent. Identify the category of plant and the part. [NEET 2020]
  1. Monocotyledonous root
  2. Dicotyledonous stem
  3. Dicotyledonous root
  4. Monocotyledonous stem
Show answer
Answer: (D) Monocotyledonous stem
Explanation: Scattered, conjoint and closed bundles with sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths in a large parenchymatous ground tissue, and lacking phloem parenchyma, is the classic description of a monocot stem such as that of maize.

Question 4

Previous-year question
The roots that originate from the base of the stem are [NEET 2020]
  1. primary roots
  2. prop roots
  3. lateral roots
  4. fibrous roots
Show answer
Answer: (D) fibrous roots
Explanation: Roots arising in a cluster from the stem base, as in wheat and other grasses, are adventitious fibrous roots; prop roots arise from higher branches and lateral roots from the pericycle of an existing root.

Question 5

Previous-year question
Casparian strips occur in the [NEET 2018]
  1. epidermis
  2. pericycle
  3. endodermis
  4. cortex
Show answer
Answer: (C) endodermis
Explanation: The radial and tangential walls of the endodermal cells bear a band of the water-impermeable material suberin known as the Casparian strip, which forces water to pass through the protoplast.

Question 6

Previous-year question
Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered closed because [AIPMT 2015]
  1. cambium is absent
  2. there are no vessels with perforations
  3. xylem is surrounded all around by phloem
  4. a bundle sheath surrounds each bundle
Show answer
Answer: (A) cambium is absent
Explanation: A closed bundle is one in which no cambium is left between the xylem and phloem, so the bundle cannot add secondary tissue - the reason monocots normally show no secondary growth.

Question 7

Previous-year question
A major characteristic of the monocot root is the presence of [AIPMT 2015]
  1. scattered vascular bundles
  2. vasculature without cambium
  3. cambium sandwiched between phloem and xylem along the radius
  4. open vascular bundles
Show answer
Answer: (B) vasculature without cambium
Explanation: Monocot roots are polyarch and radial but lack a vascular cambium, so they show no secondary growth. Scattered bundles are a feature of the monocot stem.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
Pith and cortex do not differentiate in the [AIPMT 1988]
  1. Monocot stem
  2. Dicot stem
  3. Monocot root
  4. Dicot root
Show answer
Answer: (A) Monocot stem
Explanation: In the monocot stem the ground tissue is undifferentiated, so that the endodermis, pericycle, cortex and pith cannot be distinguished from one another. It consists only of parenchyma cells that store food, with the vascular bundles scattered throughout it.

Question 9

Previous-year question
What is true about a monocot leaf? [AIPMT 1990]
  1. Reticulate venation
  2. Absence of bulliform cells from epidermis
  3. Mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues
  4. Well-differentiated mesophyll
Show answer
Answer: (C) Mesophyll not differentiated into palisade and spongy tissues
Explanation: Monocot leaves are isobilateral and show parallel venation; both surfaces are equally green and bear stomata, so the leaf is amphistomatic. The mesophyll is undifferentiated, being made of isodiametric cells, and the upper epidermis bears groups of large thin-walled bulliform cells.

Question 10

Previous-year question
Monocot leaves possess [AIPMT 1990]
  1. Intercalary meristem
  2. Lateral meristem
  3. Apical meristem
  4. Mass meristem
Show answer
Answer: (A) Intercalary meristem
Explanation: Intercalary meristems occur between mature tissues, at the bases of leaves and internodes in grasses and other monocots. They are derived from the apical meristem and regenerate parts removed by grazing herbivores while allowing leaves and internodes to elongate.

Question 11

Previous-year question
The pericycle of roots produces [AIPMT 1990]
  1. Mechanical support
  2. Lateral roots
  3. Vascular bundles
  4. Adventitious buds
Show answer
Answer: (B) Lateral roots
Explanation: The pericycle lies just below the endodermis and is made up of one or more layers of parenchymatous cells. It gives rise to lateral roots, which therefore have an endogenous origin, and it also contributes to the formation of the vascular cambium and cork cambium during secondary growth.

Question 12

Previous-year question
A bicollateral vascular bundle is characterised by [AIPMT 1992]
  1. Phloem being sandwiched between xylem
  2. Transverse splitting of vascular bundle
  3. Longitudinal splitting of vascular bundle
  4. Xylem being sandwiched between phloem
Show answer
Answer: (D) Xylem being sandwiched between phloem
Explanation: A bicollateral bundle is a conjoint bundle in which phloem occurs on both the outer and the inner side of the xylem, so that the xylem lies sandwiched between two phloem patches. Such bundles are typically seen in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae.

Question 13

Previous-year question
Where do the Casparian bands occur? [AIPMT 1999]
  1. Epidermis
  2. Endodermis
  3. Pericycle
  4. Phloem
Show answer
Answer: (B) Endodermis
Explanation: The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex and consists of compactly arranged barrel-shaped cells whose radial and tangential walls bear ligno-suberin thickenings called Casparian bands. In dicot stems the endodermis stores starch and is called the starch sheath, where such bands are absent.

Question 14

Previous-year question
Four radial vascular bundles are found in the [AIPMT 2002]
  1. Dicot root
  2. Monocot root
  3. Dicot stem
  4. Monocot stem
Show answer
Answer: (A) Dicot root
Explanation: Roots possess radial vascular bundles in which xylem and phloem lie on alternate radii, whereas stems possess conjoint bundles. Dicot roots usually have two to six such bundles, so the tetrarch condition with four bundles is characteristic of a dicot root; monocot roots have more than six.

Question 15

Previous-year question
Ectophloic siphonostele is found in [AIPMT 2005]
  1. Adiantum and Cucurbitaceae
  2. Osmunda and Equisetum
  3. Marsilea and Botrychium
  4. Dicksonia and maiden hair fern
Show answer
Answer: (B) Osmunda and Equisetum
Explanation: In the ectophloic siphonostele the xylem forms a hollow cylinder surrounding the central pith, and the phloem, pericycle and endodermis lie only on the outer side of this xylem cylinder. This type of stele occurs in Osmunda and Equisetum.

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