Anatomy of Flowering Plants – The Tissue System: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Anatomy of Flowering Plants – The Tissue System for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: The Tissue System

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Question 1

Previous-year question
Stomata in a grass leaf are [NEET 2018]
  1. dumb-bell shaped
  2. kidney shaped
  3. barrel shaped
  4. rectangular
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Answer: (A) dumb-bell shaped
Explanation: The guard cells of grasses and other monocots are dumb-bell shaped, with bulbous ends and a narrow middle, unlike the kidney or bean-shaped guard cells of dicots.  

Question 2

Previous-year question
Which of the following facilitates the opening of the stomatal aperture? [NEET 2017]
  1. Decrease in the turgidity of the guard cells
  2. Radial orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of the guard cells
  3. Longitudinal orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of the guard cells
  4. Contraction of the outer wall of the guard cells
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Answer: (B) Radial orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall of the guard cells
Explanation: Cellulose microfibrils arranged radially prevent the guard cells from expanding in girth, so on becoming turgid they lengthen and bow outwards; the thin outer walls bulge, the thick inner walls are pulled apart and the pore opens.

Question 3

Previous-year question
Root hairs develop from which region of the root? [NEET 2017]
  1. Elongation
  2. Root cap
  3. Meristematic activity
  4. Maturation
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Answer: (D) Maturation
Explanation: Root hairs are unicellular outgrowths of epiblema cells and appear only in the region of maturation (differentiation), just behind the zone of elongation.

Question 4

Previous-year question
Specialised epidermal cells that surround the guard cells are called [NEET 2016]
  1. complementary cells
  2. subsidiary cells
  3. bulliform cells
  4. lenticels
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Answer: (B) subsidiary cells
Explanation: Subsidiary cells differ from ordinary epidermal cells in shape and size and assist the guard cells in the opening and closing of the stoma.

Question 5

Previous-year question
What happens during vascularisation in plants? [AIPMT 2000]
  1. Differentiation of procambium is immediately followed by the development of secondary xylem and phloem
  2. Differentiation of procambium is followed by the development of xylem and phloem
  3. Differentiation of procambium, xylem and phloem is simultaneous
  4. Differentiation of procambium is followed by the development of primary phloem and then by primary xylem
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Answer: (B) Differentiation of procambium is followed by the development of xylem and phloem
Explanation: Vascularisation begins with the differentiation of the procambium from the apical meristem. The procambial strands subsequently differentiate to form the primary xylem and the primary phloem of the vascular bundle; the secondary tissues appear much later from the vascular cambium.

Question 6

Previous-year question
Vascular tissues in flowering plants develop from the [AIPMT 2008]
  1. Phellogen
  2. Plerome
  3. Periblem
  4. Dermatogen
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Answer: (B) Plerome
Explanation: According to the histogen theory there are three distinct meristematic zones in the apex — dermatogen, periblem and plerome. The dermatogen is the outermost and gives rise to the epidermis, the periblem forms the cortex, and the innermost plerome gives rise to the central cylinder, that is, the vascular tissue and pith.

Question 7

Previous-year question
Some vascular bundles are described as open because these [AIPMT 2010]
  1. Are surrounded by pericycle, but not endodermis
  2. Are capable of producing secondary xylem and phloem
  3. Possess conjunctive tissue between xylem and phloem
  4. Are not surrounded by pericycle
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Answer: (B) Are capable of producing secondary xylem and phloem
Explanation: A vascular bundle in which cambium is present between the xylem and the phloem is called an open bundle. The cambium is meristematic and divides to form secondary xylem towards the inner side and secondary phloem towards the outer side, so such bundles show secondary growth.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
Ground tissue includes [AIPMT 2011]
  1. All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles
  2. Epidermis and cortex
  3. All tissues internal to endodermis
  4. All tissues external to endodermis
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Answer: (A) All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles
Explanation: All tissues other than the epidermis and the vascular bundles constitute the ground or fundamental tissue system. It consists of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, and it includes the cortex, pericycle and medullary rays in the stem and the mesophyll in leaves.

Question 9

Previous-year question
Closed vascular bundles lack [AIPMT 2012]
  1. Ground tissue
  2. Conjunctive tissue
  3. Cambium
  4. Pith
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Answer: (C) Cambium
Explanation: Closed vascular bundles are devoid of cambium. In dicot stems the cambium lies between the phloem and the xylem, and because such bundles are capable of forming secondary xylem and phloem they are described as open. Monocot bundles have no cambium and hence are closed.

Question 10

Previous-year question
Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered closed because [AIPMT 2015]
  1. Cambium is absent
  2. There are no vessels with perforations
  3. Xylem is surrounded all around by phloem
  4. A bundle sheath surrounds each bundle
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Answer: (A) Cambium is absent
Explanation: A closed vascular bundle is one that lacks cambium between the xylem and phloem. As monocot bundles have no cambium they cannot form secondary tissues, which is why secondary growth is normally absent in monocotyledons.

Question 11

Previous-year question
Specialised epidermal cells surrounding the guard cells are called [NEET 2016]
  1. Subsidiary cells
  2. Bulliform cells
  3. Lenticels
  4. Complementary cells
Show answer
Answer: (A) Subsidiary cells
Explanation: A few epidermal cells lying in the vicinity of the guard cells become specialised in their shape and size and are termed subsidiary cells; they are devoid of chloroplasts. The stomatal aperture, the guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells are together called the stomatal apparatus.

Question 12

Previous-year question
Read the following statements about vascular bundles. I. In roots, xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii. II. Conjoint closed vascular bundles do not possess cambium. III. In open vascular bundles, cambium is present in between xylem and phloem. IV. The vascular bundles of a dicotyledonous stem possess endarch protoxylem. V. In a monocotyledonous root, usually there are more than six xylem bundles present. [NEET 2022]
  1. II, III, IV and V
  2. I, II, III and IV
  3. I, III, IV and V
  4. I, II, III, IV and V
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Answer: (D) I, II, III, IV and V
Explanation: All five statements are correct. Root vascular bundles are radial with xylem and phloem on alternate radii; a closed bundle lacks cambium whereas an open bundle has cambium between the xylem and phloem; the protoxylem in a dicot stem lies towards the centre, that is, endarch; and the monocot root is polyarch with more than six xylem bundles.

Question 13

Previous-year question
Closed vascular bundles lack [2012]
  1. cambium
  2. ground tissue
  3. pith
  4. conjunctive tissue
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Answer: (A) cambium
Explanation: A closed bundle has no strip of cambium between the xylem and the phloem, so it cannot produce any secondary tissue and the organ does not increase in girth. Such bundles are characteristic of monocots, whereas the open bundles of dicots retain a cambium.

Question 14

Previous-year question
In land plants the guard cells differ from other epidermal cells in possessing [2010]
  1. endoplasmic reticulum
  2. a cytoskeleton
  3. chloroplasts
  4. mitochondria
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Answer: (C) chloroplasts
Explanation: Guard cells are the only epidermal cells that contain chloroplasts, the rest of the epidermis being colourless. Their photosynthesis and the light-driven accumulation of potassium ions raise the osmotic concentration, drawing in water so that the cells become turgid and the stoma opens.

Question 15

Previous-year question
In a woody dicotyledonous tree, which parts consist mainly of primary tissues? [2004]
  1. Flowers, fruits and leaves
  2. All parts
  3. Shoot tips and root tips
  4. Stem and root
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Answer: (C) Shoot tips and root tips
Explanation: Primary tissues are those derived directly from the apical meristems, and they are retained only in the youngest regions where the lateral cambia have not yet begun to work. In an old woody tree the stem and root consist largely of secondary tissue, so only the shoot and root tips remain predominantly primary.

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