Human Reproductive Health – Infertility: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Human Reproductive Health – Infertility for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: Infertility: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

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Question 1

Previous-year question
In which of the following techniques are embryos transferred to assist those females who cannot conceive? [NEET 2020]
  1. GIFT and ZIFT
  2. ICSI and ZIFT
  3. GIFT and ICSI
  4. ZIFT and IUT
Show answer
Answer: (D) ZIFT and IUT
Explanation: ZIFT transfers a zygote or an early embryo of up to 8 blastomeres into the fallopian tube, and IUT transfers an embryo of more than 8 blastomeres into the uterus. Both involve embryo transfer, whereas GIFT transfers gametes and ICSI is a fertilisation technique.

Question 2

Previous-year question
In a couple where the male has a very low sperm count, which technique will be most suitable for achieving fertilisation? [NEET 2017]
  1. Gamete intracytoplasmic fallopian transfer
  2. Artificial insemination
  3. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
  4. Intrauterine transfer
Show answer
Answer: (B) Artificial insemination
Explanation: NCERT states that infertility due to the male's inability to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculate can be corrected by artificial insemination, in which semen from the husband or a donor is introduced into the vagina or uterus (IUI). The official NEET 2017 key accordingly marks artificial insemination.

Question 3

Previous-year question
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is [AIPMT 2015]
  1. Gamete intra fallopian transfer
  2. Gamete internal fertilisation and transfer
  3. Germ cell internal fallopian transfer
  4. Gamete inseminated fallopian transfer
Show answer
Answer: (A) Gamete intra fallopian transfer
Explanation: GIFT stands for gamete intra fallopian transfer, in which an ovum collected from a donor is transferred into the fallopian tube of a female who cannot produce an ovum but can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and further development.

Question 4

Previous-year question
In the assisted reproductive technology IVF, the transfer that is involved is of [AIPMT 2014]
  1. The ovum into the fallopian tube
  2. The zygote into the fallopian tube
  3. The zygote into the uterus
  4. An embryo with 16 blastomeres into the fallopian tube
Show answer
Answer: (B) The zygote into the fallopian tube
Explanation: In IVF followed by embryo transfer, the zygote or an early embryo of up to 8 blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT). Embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are placed into the uterus instead.

Question 5

Previous-year question
Test-tube baby means when [AIPMT 2003]
  1. the ovum is fertilised externally and there after implanted in the uterus
  2. it develops from a non-fertilised egg
  3. it is developed in a test-tube
  4. it is developed through tissue culture method
Show answer
Answer: (A) the ovum is fertilised externally and there after implanted in the uterus
Explanation: A test-tube baby is one in which the ovum is fertilised outside the body (in vitro) and the resulting zygote or early embryo is then implanted into the uterus, where it develops into a normal baby. The technique was first developed by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards in 1978.

Question 6

Previous-year question
Certain characteristic demographic features of developing countries are [AIPMT 2004]
  1. high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution
  2. high fertility, high density rapidly rising mortality rate and a very young age distribution
  3. high infant mortality, low fertility uneven population growth and a very young age distribution
  4. high mortality high density uneven population growth and a very old age distribution
Show answer
Answer: (A) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth and a very young age distribution
Explanation: Developing countries characteristically show high fertility with a low or rapidly falling mortality rate, which produces rapid population growth and a very young age distribution. In India this pattern is being addressed through reproductive and child health care programmes.

Question 7

Previous-year question
In vitro fertilisation is a technique that involves transfer of which one of the following into the Fallopian tube? [AIPMT 2010]
  1. Embryo only, upto 8 cell stage
  2. Either, zygote or early embryo upto 8 cell stage
  3. Embryo of 32 cell stage
  4. Zygote only
Show answer
Answer: (B) Either, zygote or early embryo upto 8 cell stage
Explanation: In the ZIFT procedure either the zygote or the early embryo up to the 8-celled stage is transferred into the Fallopian tube. Embryos beyond this stage are transferred directly into the uterus by Intra Uterine Transfer.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
The technique called Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) is recommended for those females [AIPMT 2011]
  1. who cannot produce an ovum
  2. who cannot retain the foetus inside uterus
  3. whose cervical canal is too narrow to allow passage for the sperms
  4. who cannot provide suitable environment for fertilisation
Show answer
Answer: (A) who cannot produce an ovum
Explanation: GIFT is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the Fallopian tube of a female who cannot produce her own ova but who can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and subsequent development.

Question 9

Previous-year question
The test-tube baby programme employs which one of the following techniques? [AIPMT 2012]
  1. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
  2. Intra Uterine Insemination (IUI)
  3. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
  4. Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
Show answer
Answer: (D) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
Explanation: The test-tube baby programme employs in vitro fertilisation followed by Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT), in which the egg fertilised outside the body is placed into the woman's Fallopian tube for further development.

Question 10

Previous-year question
Artificial insemination means [NEET 2013]
  1. transfer of sperms of a healthy donor to a test-tube containing ova
  2. transfer of sperms of husband to a test-tube containing ova
  3. artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina
  4. introduction of sperms of healthy donor directly into the ovary
Show answer
Answer: (C) artificial introduction of sperms of a healthy donor into the vagina
Explanation: Artificial insemination (AI) is the artificial introduction of semen from a healthy male donor (or the husband) into the vagina or uterus of the female. It is used when infertility is due to inability to inseminate or to a very low sperm count in the ejaculate.

Question 11

Previous-year question
Assisted reproductive technology, IVF involves transfer of [AIPMT 2014]
  1. ovum into the Fallopian tube
  2. zygote into the Fallopian tube
  3. zygote into the uterus
  4. embryo with 16 blastomeres into the Fallopian tube
Show answer
Answer: (B) zygote into the Fallopian tube
Explanation: In in vitro fertilisation an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the woman's body, and the zygote or early embryo up to the 8-celled stage is then transferred into the Fallopian tube (ZIFT). Embryos beyond eight blastomeres are placed directly in the uterus.

Question 12

Previous-year question
Ectopic pregnancies are referred to as [AIPMT 2015]
  1. Implantation of embryo at site other than uterus
  2. Implantation of defective embryo in the uterus
  3. Pregnancies terminated due to hormonal imbalance
  4. Pregnancies with genetic abnormality
Show answer
Answer: (A) Implantation of embryo at site other than uterus
Explanation: In an ectopic pregnancy the implantation of the embryo does not occur in the uterus but at some other site, most commonly the Fallopian tube. Such pregnancies are not viable and are dangerous to the mother.

Question 13

Previous-year question
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is [AIPMT 2015]
  1. Gamete Inseminated Fallopian Transfer
  2. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
  3. Gamete Internal Fertilisation and Transfer
  4. Germ Cell Internal Fallopian Transfer
Show answer
Answer: (B) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
Explanation: GIFT stands for Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer. An ovum from a donor female is introduced into the Fallopian tube of a female who cannot produce ova but can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and further development of the embryo.

Question 14

Previous-year question
Embryo with more than 16 blastomeres formed due to in vitro fertilisation is transferred into [NEET 2016, Phase II]
  1. uterus
  2. Fallopian tube
  3. fimbriae
  4. cervix
Show answer
Answer: (A) uterus
Explanation: An embryo with up to eight blastomeres is transferred into the Fallopian tube (ZIFT), whereas an embryo with more than eight (and certainly more than 16) blastomeres is transferred directly into the uterus (IUT) to complete its further development.

Question 15

Previous-year question
In case of a couple, where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation? [NEET 2017]
  1. Intrauterine Transfer
  2. Gamete Intracytoplasmic Fallopian Transfer
  3. Artificial Insemination
  4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Show answer
Answer: (C) Artificial Insemination
Explanation: NCERT states that infertility due to the inability of the male to inseminate or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculate can be corrected by artificial insemination, in which semen from the husband or a donor is introduced into the vagina or uterus. ICSI, injecting a single sperm into the ovum, is also used in severe male-factor infertility.

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