Human Reproduction – Menstrual Cycle: NEET MCQs with Answers

15 free questions on Human Reproduction – Menstrual Cycle for NEET (UG), starting with previous-year NEET and AIPMT questions. Try each one, then tap Show answer for the answer and a short explanation.

Syllabus covered: Menstrual Cycle

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Question 1

Previous-year question
Which of the following hormone levels will cause the release of the ovum (ovulation) from the Graafian follicle? [NEET 2020]
  1. High concentration of progesterone
  2. Low concentration of LH
  3. Low concentration of FSH
  4. High concentration of estrogen
Show answer
Answer: (D) High concentration of estrogen
Explanation: The rapidly rising oestrogen secreted by the mature follicle exerts positive feedback on the pituitary, producing the LH surge that ruptures the Graafian follicle.

Question 2

Previous-year question
Select the incorrect statement. [NEET 2016]
  1. FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells, which help in spermiogenesis
  2. LH triggers ovulation in the ovary
  3. LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase
  4. LH triggers secretion of androgens from the Leydig cells
Show answer
Answer: (C) LH and FSH decrease gradually during the follicular phase
Explanation: LH and FSH in fact increase gradually during the follicular phase, stimulating follicular growth and oestrogen secretion, and reach a peak at mid-cycle.

Question 3

Previous-year question
Which of the following events is not associated with ovulation in the human female? [AIPMT 2015]
  1. Full development of the Graafian follicle
  2. Release of the secondary oocyte
  3. LH surge
  4. Decrease in estradiol
Show answer
Answer: (D) Decrease in estradiol
Explanation: Ovulation is preceded by a rise, not a fall, in oestradiol produced by the mature follicle; this rise induces the LH surge that ruptures the follicle.

Question 4

Previous-year question
The main function of the mammalian corpus luteum is to produce [AIPMT 2014]
  1. estrogen only
  2. progesterone
  3. human chorionic gonadotropin
  4. relaxin only
Show answer
Answer: (B) progesterone
Explanation: The corpus luteum formed from the ruptured Graafian follicle secretes large amounts of progesterone, which is essential for the maintenance of the endometrium and of pregnancy.

Question 5

Previous-year question
The mammalian corpus luteum produces [AIPMT 1995]
  1. luteotrophic hormone
  2. luteinizing hormone
  3. estrogen
  4. progesterone
Show answer
Answer: (D) progesterone
Explanation: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which further develops the uterine endothelium and mammary glands and is required for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteotrophic hormone and LH are secreted by the anterior pituitary and oestrogen mainly by the follicular cells.

Question 6

Previous-year question
In the fertile human female, approximately on which day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation take place? [AIPMT 1997]
  1. Day 14
  2. Day 18
  3. Day 1
  4. Day 8
Show answer
Answer: (A) Day 14
Explanation: Ovulation is the release of the ovum from the ruptured Graafian follicle and occurs at about day 14 of a normal 28-day menstrual cycle, in response to the mid-cycle LH surge.

Question 7

Previous-year question
In 28 days human ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs on [AIPMT 1997, 1994]
  1. 1 day
  2. 5 day
  3. 14 day
  4. 28 day
Show answer
Answer: (C) 14 day
Explanation: The proliferative phase of a 28-day cycle ends on about the 14th day, when the distended Graafian follicle ruptures and the ovum is released — that is, ovulation takes place at mid-cycle.
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Question 8

Previous-year question
After ovulation, Graafian follicle regresses into [AIPMT 1999]
  1. corpus luteum
  2. corpus callosum
  3. corpus albicans
  4. corpus artesia
Show answer
Answer: (A) corpus luteum
Explanation: Immediately after ovulation LH stimulates the ruptured Graafian follicle to develop into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes oestrogen and progesterone and prepares the endometrium for implantation; only later does it degenerate into the corpus albicans.

Question 9

Previous-year question
Which set is similar? [AIPMT 2001]
  1. Corpus luteum — Graafian follicle
  2. Sebum — Sweat
  3. Bundle of His — Pacemaker
  4. Vitamin-B₇ — Niacin
Show answer
Answer: (A) Corpus luteum — Graafian follicle
Explanation: The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine tissue that develops directly from the ruptured Graafian follicle, so the two are related structures. Sebum is an oily secretion and sweat an aqueous one; the bundle of His is conducting tissue while the pacemaker is the SA node.

Question 10

Previous-year question
Ovulation set in the human female normally takes place during the menstrual cycle [AIPMT 2004]
  1. at the mid secretory phase
  2. just before the end of the secretory phase
  3. at the beginning of the proliferative phase
  4. at the end of the proliferative phase
Show answer
Answer: (D) at the end of the proliferative phase
Explanation: Ovulation occurs under the influence of the LH surge at about the 14th day of a 28-day cycle, i.e. at the end of the proliferative (follicular) phase. The Graafian follicle then becomes the corpus luteum and the secretory phase begins.

Question 11

Previous-year question
If mammalian ovum fails to get fertilised, which one of the following is unlikely? [AIPMT 2005]
  1. Corpus luteum will disintegrate
  2. Estrogen secretion further decreases
  3. Primary follicle starts developing
  4. Progesterone secretion rapidly declines
Show answer
Answer: (B) Estrogen secretion further decreases
Explanation: If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone secretion falls sharply, while a new set of primary follicles begins to develop for the next cycle. Oestrogen secretion does not decrease further — it begins to rise again with the new follicles.

Question 12

Previous-year question
Withdrawal of which of the following hormones is the immediate cause of menstruation? [AIPMT 2006]
  1. Progesterone
  2. Estrogen
  3. FSH
  4. FSH-RH
Show answer
Answer: (A) Progesterone
Explanation: In the late secretory phase LH production falls, the corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone secretion declines. Since progesterone maintains the endometrium, its withdrawal causes the endometrium to break down, and menstruation begins.

Question 13

Previous-year question
Which part of ovary in mammals acts as an endocrine gland after ovulation? [AIPMT 2007]
  1. Graafian follicle
  2. Stroma
  3. Germinal epithelium
  4. Vitelline membrane
Show answer
Answer: (A) Graafian follicle
Explanation: At ovulation the mature Graafian follicle bursts and releases the ovum. The remaining follicular tissue is converted into the corpus luteum, which acts as a temporary endocrine gland secreting progesterone and some oestrogen.

Question 14

Previous-year question
Which one of the following statement is incorrect about menstruation? [AIPMT 2008]
  1. During normal menstruation about 40 mL blood is lost
  2. The menstrual fluid can easily clot
  3. At menopause in the female, there is especially abrupt increase in gonadotrophic hormones
  4. The beginning of the cycle of menstruation is called menarche
Show answer
Answer: (B) The menstrual fluid can easily clot
Explanation: The statement about clotting is incorrect. Menstrual fluid is normally non-clotting because the enzyme fibrinolysin is released along with the necrotic endometrial material. About 40 mL of blood and 35 mL of serous fluid are lost in a normal period.

Question 15

Previous-year question
Which one of the following is the most likely reason of not occurring regular menstruation cycle in females? [AIPMT 2009]
  1. Fertilisation of the ovum
  2. Maintenance of the hypertrophical endometrial lining
  3. Maintenance of high concentration of sex-hormones in the blood stream
  4. Retention of well-developed corpus luteum
Show answer
Answer: (A) Fertilisation of the ovum
Explanation: If fertilisation occurs and the embryo implants, the trophoblast secretes hCG which maintains the corpus luteum and hence progesterone and oestradiol secretion. The endometrium is not shed, so menstruation stops — absence of menstrual bleeding is the earliest sign of pregnancy.

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